What you might need to know

This video includes AI-generated content produced under human supervision. Script by Dr Emmanuelle Schön-Quinlivan.

In this class, we explore some of the key policies the EU has developed. Before we examine them, however, we first focus on the principle at the heart of how the EU works: shared sovereignty. When a country joins the EU, it chooses to share or pool its sovereignty with other member states in key areas that the European treaties assign to the EU.

One of the earliest EU policies is the Common Agricultural Policy. In the past, it accounted for 75% of the EU budget; however, over time, the EU reduced this share to about 35%. Today, the EU uses this policy to support farmers, ensure stable food supplies, promote fair incomes in rural areas, and encourage environmentally friendly farming practices.

In addition, the EU runs a strong consumer policy. Through this policy, the EU protects consumers’ rights, ensures that products meet safety standards, and allows shoppers to return faulty goods or receive clear information before they buy.

Through its consumer policy, the EU requires clear and accurate food labelling so shoppers can understand what they buy. Labels must show key information such as ingredients, allergens, nutritional values, and the country of origin, which helps consumers make informed and safe choices. As a result, people can shop across EU countries with confidence.

The EU also develops environmental policy to protect nature, reduce pollution, and tackle climate change. It sets limits on air and water pollution, protects wildlife and natural habitats, and encourages countries to reduce waste and recycle more.

Building on this work, the EU launched the Green Deal. Through this strategy, the EU aims to make Europe climate-neutral by 2050. It promotes clean energy, supports greener transport, improves energy efficiency in buildings, and encourages businesses to reduce carbon emissions.

Finally, the EU manages fisheries through the Common Fisheries Policy. With this policy, the EU sets fishing limits to prevent overfishing, protects fish stocks for the future, and supports coastal communities that depend on fishing. In this way, the EU balances economic activity with environmental protection.

Together, these policies show how EU countries work collectively to address shared challenges and improve daily life for their citizens.

EU myths uncovered: https://ec.europa.eu/ireland/news/key-eu-policy-areas/euro-myths-uncovered_en#Myth2 

Key EU policies for Ireland: https://ec.europa.eu/ireland/news/key-eu-policy-areas_en